ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the extent of statistics anxiety and explore its influencing factors among university students majoring in medicine.Methods:The statistics anxiety rating scale (STARS) was first translated into Chinese and modified until the reliability and validity were acceptable. Through online questionnaire, the Chinese version of STARS was used to measure the level of statistics anxiety for students enrolling in the course of Medical Statistics during autumn term 2018 to spring term 2019 in the medical college of a university. The collected data were managed and analyzed by SPSS 25.0.Results:A total of 562 students took part in the survey, and 500 questionnaires were eligible and included in the final analysis. The measurement of Chinese version of STARS showed quite good reliability and validity, with item score of the whole scale being (2.31 ± 0.65) points. The proportions of students with mild, moderate and severe statistics anxiety were 41%, 56% and 3% respectively. Female students had higher extent of anxiety than male students, and undergraduates had higher extent of anxiety than postgraduates. The extent of anxiety of students with different majors from high to low were nursing > (dentistry, basic medicine and pharmacology) > (clinic medicine and public health) respectively. When controlling other factors, the influence of gender, student level and major on statistics anxiety was still statistically significant.Conclusion:Statistics anxiety is prevalent in medical college students. Professional teachers should pay more attention to students' psychological status, conduct targeted counseling to alleviate students' anxiety and help them to improve self-efficacy in statistics learning.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To examine the relationship of social capital with anxiety and depression symptoms among urban elderly in China.Methods:A household survey by using self-administered questionnaires was conducted in 3 communities in Jinan,Shandong Province and the data of 925 people aged 60 years or over were collected.The social capital indicators according to its operational definition and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SAS) and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale were used.The social capital factors were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis and were dichotomized to conduct logistic regression analysis.Results:The average standard scores of SAS and SDS were (35.8 ±6.9) and (41.9 ±8.7),respectively.The proportion of anxiety symptom was 4.4％ and that of depression symptom was 19.0％.Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived social support,perceived trust,reciprocity and safety and social participation were associated with self-rating depression(Ps＜ 0.05).Perceived social support (OR ＝ 0.29,95 ％ CI:0.20-0.44),perceived trust,reciprocity and safety (OR ＝0.49,95％ CI:0.33-0.72) and social participation (OR ＝ 0.66,95％ CI:0.45-0.98) were protective factors of depression.No significant association between social capital factors and anxiety was found.Conclusion:It suggests that social capital could be a target for elderly people's mental health promotion in China.Additional efforts should be taken on enhancing the elderly people's perceived support,trust and safety from their families and communities,as well as providing more opportunities of social activities in the neighborhoods.